Internationaler Studiengang Ship Management – Nautical Sciences B. Sc.

Nautical Mathematics

• Algebra: equations
• Geometry: plane geometry analytical geometry
• Spherical geometry: spherical triangles
• Sailings
  • Loxodrome sailing (mean latitude, Mercator sailing, day’s work)
  • Orthodrome sailing (great circle, composite sailing)
• Vector calculations and coordinate systems
  • Wind and current vectors
  • Drift plotting (Stromdreiecke)
• Chart projections

Celestial Navigation

• Celestial coordinate system, horizon coordinate system
• Time and time conversion
• Sextant and its use
• Celestial position lines
• Sight reduction methods and tools, celestial position fixes
• Celestial compass error check
• Tide and astronomical fundamentals

Maritime English (SMCP):

• The Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)
• External communication: ship – ship, ship – shore (VTS), emergencies
• On board communication: safety related, passenger care, safety equipment

Marine Radio Communication:

• International regulatory framework for radio communication
• German regulations and radio operator certificates
• Nautical radio publications as IAMSAR, ITU-Manual and Lists, ALRS, ISB
• Identification of radio stations (ships, earth, coastal)
• Radio traffic (incl. public, private, coastal stations, RCC, ….)
• Ship reporting systems, navigational warnings, Navtex, LRIT, SSAS and similar systems
• Medical service system and operations
• Emergency and SAR systems and operations (e.g. abandoning ship, fire on board, …)
• Control of SAR operations, tasks as OSC On-Scene-Coordinator
• Operations of radio communication and equipment
• Frequencies, types of operation, ….
• DSC and Radiotelex systems and equipment
• Satellite systems, traffic charges
• EPIRB, SART
• False distress alerts and handling
• International Code of Signals
• Maintenance and avoiding hazards of the radio installations
• Measures to be taken in case of partly or full break down of radio installations

Blue Sciences (for all BS students)

• Introduction to the concept of Blue Sciences
• Overview of the contents and requirements of the main studies
• Learning goals and study approaches and how to achieve them
• Introduction to the minor subjects
• Explore the various professional and technical areas and opportunities of the study programs
• Introduction to scientific work, library research and development of presentation and research skills
• Excursions or study visits
• German language requirements

Project “Seamanship” (specific for students in Nautical Sciences):

• Excursion „Seamanship“
• Introduction into ship operations (seamanship terms, parts of the ship, living on board)
• Watch duties (steering, outlook, commands, weather observations)
• Navigation (navigational aids, sea charts and publications, courses)
• Seamanship (lines and wires, knots, splices, mooring operations, ship maintenance)
• Safety (safety equipment, drills, safe working)
• Teamwork (leadership, communication, Standard Marine Communication Phrases - SMCP English)
• Introduction to internships on merchant vessels (requirements, TRB NOA, cadets’ tasks, STCW requirements)
• TRB NOA content on demand (e.g. working with sextants, ship manoeuvres)

Mechanics

• Dynamics
  • Concept of energy (kinetic energy, potential energy, conservation of energy)
  • Forces (Principle of Transmissibility, Addition and equivalent system of forces, Newton’s laws, Weight and Normal Force, Friction)
  • Kinematics (Equation of motion, Inertia & moment of inertia)
  • Oscillations (harmonic oscillation, pendulum, damping and resonance)
  • Mechanical vibrations
• Statics
  • Center of Gravity
  • Static of rigid bodies (External forces: forces and torque in beams and cables, supports, equilibrium of forces, free-body-diagram, reactions at supports and connections; internal forces: Normal and shear force, bending moments)
  • Stability (strength of materials, section modulus, tension, bendline, tilting stability)
• Basics and mathematics
  • System of units and SI prefixes
  • Fractional arithmetic
  • Trigonometry
  • Equation conversion and solving
  • Vector calculation
  • Differential and integral calculus

Ship Design

• Basic knowledge of ship building and ship components, terms of the different parts of a ship
• Proficiency in reading of drawings and plans
• Ship types
• Maintenance and repair
• Classification Society and Flag State
• Corrosion (chemical process, protection, corrosion control and detection)
• Supervising of shipbuilding and repair

Basics in Economic theory

• Sea Transport and the Global Economy
• The Organization of the Shipping Market
• Shipping Market Cycles
• Supply, Demand and Freight Rates
• The four shipping markets
• The transport of general cargoes
  • Project cargo shipping
  • Container shipping

Compasses

• ship and earth magnetism
• Magnetic-compass – principles, use, limitations, compensation
• Gyro-compass – principles, use, limitations
• Deviation control, compass deviation logbook

Steering control systems

• principles, course and track control, performance limits and adjustment
• operational procedures, change-over from manual to automatic control

Echosounders

• principles, operations, performance, and limitations

Log systems

• principles, operations, performance, and limitations

Satellite positioning systems (GPS)

• systems, principles, performance, and limitations
• operations, reliability

Radar

• theory of electromagnetic (radar) waves
• systems, operations, settings, control of performance
• operation, interpretation of echo’s

ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System)

• systems, principles

Integrated Navigation Systems

• systems, integrity

Integrated Bridge Systems

• networks, integration of all systems
• VDR (Voyage Data Recorder), navigation lights, communication and other systems
• alarm systems, BNWAS (Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System), SSAS (Ship Security Alert System)

Computer networks

• hardware, software
• administration tasks
• maintenance, data securing, updates
• cyber security

Data management

• data bases
• data analysing

Human-Machine-Interaction

• awareness, resilience, hazards
• ergonomics, operations

Hydrodynamics

• Hydrodynamic fundamentals (as Bernoulli equation, laminar and turbulent flow, law of similarity, continuity equation)
• Hydrodynamic effects when manoeuvring a ship
• Squat, ship-ship interactions

Manoeuvring Basics

• Propulsion systems (types, principles, limitations), as for fixed and pitch propeller, azimuth propulsion (POD), Voith systems
• Propulsion systems on ship types, as for cargo ships, passenger ships, offshore supply vessels and tugs
• Operation of propulsion systems (controls, procedures)
• Assistance by DP (dynamic positioning) systems
• Manoeuvring equipment (anchors, winches, bollards, lines)
• Trial manoeuvres and manoeuvring table
• Economic sailing, EEDI/EEOI (Energy Efficiency Design Index / Energy Efficiency Operating Indicator), SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan)

Manoeuvres in standard situations (considering speed, wind and current)

• Encounter and overtaking
• Shallow, narrow and restricted waters
• Driving of turns, radius constant turning
• Anchoring, embarkation of pilot
• Berthing and unberthing, mooring, use of tugs
• Docking

Abnormal and emergency situations

• Waves, swell and wind sea (periods, resonance)
• Heavy weather manoeuvres, parametric rolling
• Search and Rescue (IAMSAR)
• Emergency manoeuvres (person over board, lost of propulsion or steering gear, rescue boat launching)
• Manoeuvres in ice

Tanker Business (20 contact hours)

• Tanker markets and logistic chain
• Market specific requirements
• Economical aspects
• International organizations
• Human resources and their requirements
• Audits and Vetting inspection

Cargo Operations (40 contact hours)

• Tanker types: Oil, Chemical and Liquified Gas
• Cargo properties: Oil, Chemical and Liquified Gas
• Tanker design
• Equipment, instruments and systems for carriage, loading and unloading
• Safe operation and procedures
• Crew responsibilities
• Maintenance requirements
• Tanker Health, Safety, Security and Environment
• Environmental protection
• Emergency Management

• Legal international and national requirements concerning ship stability, trim, draught
• Ship Theory fundamentals, hydrostatics of a ship (buoyancy, center of gravity, draught and displacement)
• Transverse stability (initial stability, righting and heeling levers, angle of loll, free surfaces)
• Longitudinal stability (trim, draught)
• Effects on stability (cargo, crane operations, wind, ice, turns)
• Dynamic stability, effects in seaway
• Damage stability
• Strength (fundamentals, local and longitudinal strength, torsion, calculation methods)
• Management of stability (assessing stability, stability experiments, pre-calculation, draught survey)

International shipping legislation and regulations

• International Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
• SOLAS with application of ISM and ISPS Code
• MLC and health regulations
• MARPOL and its annexes
• STCW
• Required ship documents and certificates
• Flag state and port state requirements (incl. Port State Control)
• National Single Window

Nationaler Rechtsrahmen / Deutsches Seeschifffahrtsrecht

• Rechtssystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
• Schiffsbesetzung
• Strafrecht und Ordnungswidrigkeiten
• Zivilrechtliche Vorschriften mit Bezügen zum Seerecht
• Öffentlich-rechtliche Vorschriften mit Bezügen zum Seerecht

Management Systems, Standards in Shipping

• Quality Management (ISO)
• Environmental and Energy Management (ISO)
• Safety Management (ISM, ISPS)

The content is according to the ‘On-Board Training Record Book for Navigational Officer’s Assistants (TRB NOA)’:

• Duties of the watch-keeping officer during bridge operations
• Cargo handling duties of watch-keeping officer
• Duties of watch-keeping officer on manoeuvring stations
• Administrative duties of the watchkeeping officer

Details are specified in the TRB NOA of BSH
 

Basics

• Sea charts
  • Sea charts, projections, scales,
  • Chart datum, geographic coordinates
  • Correction of sea charts and publications
  • Chart work (ECDIS and paper charts)
• Courses
  • Courses, course conversion including
  • Effects by wind, currents and tidal streams
  • Compass error checks
• Navigational aids and symbols
  • Navigational aids and lights, incl. lighthouses, beacons and buoys
  • Water levels and depth
  • Sea chart symbols
• Tide planning
  • Tidal values and tidal current
  • Tide tables, tide atlas, tide calculation
• Passage Planning
  • Appraisal, Planning, Monitoring and Executing
  • Under keel clearance, safety contour and safety depth
  • Nautical publications, navigational warnings, notices to mariners
  • Meteorological navigation, weather routing, considering ice, restricted visibility

Navigation

• Ocean Navigation
  • Electronic position fixes
  • Celestial position fixes
  • Accuracy of position fixes on oceans
• Coastal Navigation
  • Position fixing by bearings
  • Virtual navaids
  • Accuracy of position fixes in coastal navigation
• Pilotage, restricted waters
  • Visual and Blind Pilotage
  • Safety and clearing lines
  • Parallel Indexing
  • Turning radius, abort points, berthing and anchoring

International Regulations

• International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
• Regulations in STCW-Code about Watchkeeping
• Collision avoidance – radar plotting
• Incident and Accident Investigation

National Regulations / Deutsches Allgemeines Seeverkehrsrecht

• Deutsche Seeschifffahrtsstraßen-Ordnung
• Anlaufbedingungs-Verordnung
• Seesicherheits-Untersuchungs-Gesetz

Watchkeeping

• Keeping a safe navigational watch
• Log Book
• Navigation in VTS areas
• International Code of Signals

• Fundamentals concerning chemical hazards, chemicals on board.
• Hazard classes and related provisions.
• International regulations as
  • SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), especially SOLAS II-2 Regel 19 and SOLAS Chapter VII.
  • IMDG-Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code).
  • IMSBC-Code (International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code).
  • CSC (Convention for Safe Containers).
• Handling, stowage and segregation of dangerous cargoes.
• Documentation
• National laws, regulations and guidelines on classification, packing, documentation.
  • Gefahrgutverordnung See (GGV See)
• Procedures and communication in operations with dangerous cargo.
• Emergency response (MFAG, EmS)

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic fundamentals / laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic cycle processes, refrigeration circuit, heat transfer

Electrotechnics: Basics of direct and alternating current, measurement of electrical quantities, calculation of linear direct current networks, electric field, electrical machines and devices

Work machines: Pumps, compressors, hydraulic motors

Marine Combustion engines: Slow, medium and high speed engines, 2 and 4-stroke, for fuels as Diesel, HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LNG (Liquid Natural Gas), Methanol

Propulsion Systems: Shaftline, gearbox, propeller, rudderpropellers, azimuth thruster, Voith Schneider propeller, maneuvering equipment (stearing gear, transverse thrust systems)

Auxiliary machinery: Cooling water systems, fuel oil systems, lubrication oil systems, fire-fighting and bilge systems, ballastsystems, potable water systems, heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC), sanitary black and grey water systems

Electrical systems: Power generation, power distribution, fuel cells, battery systems

• Maritime trade law concerning Master’s obligations regarding seaworthiness and preparedness for loading, carriers liability, conservation of evidence, sea protest;
• Sea trade law regarding overseas trade contracts as contract of carriage (German Commercial Code,) and conventions (Hague-, Visby-, Hamburg-Rules) and charter contracts (voyage, time, bareboat charter);
• Multimodal transport law regime, contracts for storage, cargo handling and special transports;
• Insurance business (P&I, hull & machinery), particular and general average, salvage and assistance; Legal situation of the Master according to trade law (HGB etc.) and as representative of the ship owner;
• International and German legislation and regulations;
• Importance of legal situation/contracts for main obligations (claims for – timely performance and for payment of freight, demurrage/detention and other costs aspects).

Medical Care:

• Anatomy of the human body
• Frequently occurring diseases and their treatment
• Tropical diseases and their treatment
• General knowledge about nursing and patient care
• Pharmacologic knowledge about the medicine in the medical chest
• Advanced knowledge in medical first-aid and the competence to practice it (as use of spine board, emergency kits, surgery techniques, dressing)
• Emergency medical aid and ability for reanimation
• Lifesaving in distress at sea
• Competence to use telemedical support including the ability to transfer the advice into effective actions
• Practical medical course to gain medical competence specific for practice on board (e.g. injections, surgical dressing)

Human Behaviour:

• Basics and terms of universal psychology (psychologic processes and its organic basics, disposition and environment, process of psychic functions, awareness, memory and learning, thinking and intelligence, psychic forces)
• Basics and terms of occupational and organisational psychology
• Basics and terms of the work sociology
• Basics and terms of shipping-sociology (social system ‘ship’, social conflicts, intra-role conflict, social situation of seafarer, group structures, group dynamics)
• Intercultural systems

RADAR / ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) (40h lecture and exercises)

• Radar principles, functionalities, settings and limitations
• Critical echo identification (courses, speed, time and distance of closest approach)
• Parallel indexing
• Plotting techniques and relative- and true-motion concepts
• ARPA fundamentals, functionalities and limitations
• Radar image analysis
• AIS integration
• Radar overlay
• ARPA and decision making
• Case studies and practical use to avoid collisions in simulator

ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) (40h lecture and exercises)

• Regulatory requirements, backup systems
• ECDIS principles, functionalities, settings and limitations
• ENC (charts) types and modes of presentation
• Installation and updating, chart ordering and handling
• Sensors and integrity
• Planning and monitoring with ECDIS
• Data accuracy, warnings, alerts, cautions
• Cases studies and practical use in setting-up, planning and monitoring in simulator

• Cargo transportation technologies (ship types, cargoes, holds and hatch covers, maintenance).
• Cargo operations (loading and discharging processes, legal and organisational framework of operations, claim handling).
• Cargo handling (lifting appliances, rigging, operational safety).
• Stowage planning (cargo information, space calculation, stowage rules, stowage plans, work schedules).
• Ship’s stability and strength (stability in cargo operations, trimming, ballasting, limit assessments).
• Cargo securing (behaviour of cargo, principles of securing, securing devices and material properties, securing arrangement assessment, cargo securing manual)
• Ventilation of cargo holds
• Specific cargo requirements (container, heavy lift, Ro/Ro, bulk incl. grain, timber deck cargo, refrigerated cargo)

Data processing: Sensor Technology, Coding and number systems, Logical operations and Boolean algebra

Automation Technology: Open and closed-loop control, Contactors and relay technology, Processing of analog and binary sensor signals (e.g. PLC), State and block diagrams, Control circuit / PID controller

Automation systems: Safety Systems, Propulsion Control Systems, Alarm Systems, Monitoring and Control Systems, Power Management Systems

Data Management: Data Governance, Data Lifecycle Management, Big Data Management, Data Reliability, Data Storage, Fall-back Systems

Cyber Security
 

Maritime Labour Law

• International regulations as STCW and MLC (Maritime Labour Convention)
• Contracts and labour agreements
• Social insurances
• Work Time regulations
• Occupational health regulations, ISO standards, training and education on board

Nationaler Rechtsrahmen / Deutsches Seeschifffahrtsrecht

• Seearbeitsgesetz und Begleitvorschriften einschließlich Arbeitsschutzrecht
• Betriebsverfassungsrecht
• Sozialrecht
• Seeleute-Befähigungsverordnung, Ausbildung von Seeleuten, Bescheinigungen für Seeleute
• Schiffsbesetzungsverordnung

HR Management

• Leadership and managing of people in shipping
• Communication
• Organizational behaviour and opportunity
• Cultural behaviours
• Employee appraisal and disciplinary actions

The content is according to the ‘On-Board Training Record Book for Navigational Officer’s Assistants’ (TRB NOA):

• Duties of the watch-keeping officer during bridge operations
• Cargo handling duties of watch-keeping officer
• Duties of watch-keeping officer on manoeuvring stations
• Administrative duties of the watchkeeping officer

Details are specified in the TRB NOA of BSH
 

• Basics in physics of the atmosphere (thermodynamics, temperature, pressure, humidity)
• Weather observations and meteorological shipborne instruments (functionality, use, interpretation of data)
• Weather data reporting systems and services
• Weather forecasts (numerical and synoptically)
• Basics in oceanography (sea currents, sea atmosphere oscillations, ice, modes etc.)
• Weather development (pressure systems, movement, warm-cold-air circulation, thunderstorms)
• Temperate latitudes weather (pressure systems, front systems)
• Tropical weather
• Weather in polar regions
• Weather routing, route related weather forecast
• Tropical cyclone systems
• Evasion strategies for tropical storms

Bridge Familiarization

• Familiarization with bridge equipment
• Use of radar and ECDIS familiarization
• Settings of equipment and integrity of sensors
• Navigation and manoeuvring data
• Bridge procedures (standards and exceptional as abnormal or emergency situations
• Bridge tools as logbook and check lists

Passage Planning, Execution and Monitoring

• Passage plan
• Case studies: navigation in open waters and TSS, pilotage, restricted waters (in simulator)

Ship Handling

• Case studies: propulsion types
• Case studies: ship-ship-interaction, squat, bank effect
• Case studies: anchoring, berthing and unberthing under different conditions (wind, current)
   

The focus of Elective I are specific aspects of shipping markets and technologies. The objectives of the offered modules are contemporary issues of maritime markets and technological developments. The content of the modules is documented in the specific module descriptions.

The specific electives are offered in the study year on student’s demand. General topics are:
 

Safety Management

• IMO and flagstate regulations
• Legislation and regulations (SOLAS and Codes, IAMSAR)
• Human Element in emergencies
• Emergency preparedness (ashore, on board, trainings & drills, risk management)
• Damage to ship (regulations, physical basics and technologies, emergency response)
• Fire (regulations, fire theory and fire extinguishing, fire-fighting equipment, emergency response)
• Distress (regulations, life-saving equipment, emergency response)
• Search and Rescue
• Personnel casualties (regulations, accident prevention, survival at sea, emergency response)
• Cargo & pollution (regulations, emergency response)

Nationaler Rechtsrahmen / Deutsches Seeschifffahrtsrecht (included in Safety Management)

• Seeaufgabengesetz
• Schiffssicherheitsgesetz, -verordnung
• Aufgaben und Struktur der Schifffahrtsverwaltung
• Unfallverhütungsvorschriften, Handbuch See

Security Management / Ship Security Officer

• ISPS Code
• Implementation and maintaining a Ship Security Plan
• Assessment of security risks, threat and vulnerability
• Implementation, maintaining and inspection of appropriate security measures
• Operating, testing and calibrating of security equipment
• Encouraging security awareness and vigilance

Technical Ship Management

• Maintenance and repair (asset strategy, maintenance systems, outsourcing strategy, spare parts strategy, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis FMEA)
• Inspection and audits (newbuilding, port state control, classification society)
• Docking requirements and preparation for shipyard

Fleet and Ship Performance

• Ship and fleet performance control systems (condition monitoring, operational performance, real time fleet performance management, retro-fitting and conversions)
• Energy Efficiency (EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index), EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operating Indicator), SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency ManagementPlan))
• Shipping KPI-Systems (performance indicators (PI, KPI, SPI), BIMCO-indicators)

Navigation
Tasks of an officer and a master (operational and management level) to navigate a seagoing ship.

Cargo Operations & Ship’s Stability
Tasks of an officer and a master (operational and management level)

• regarding cargo operations and cargo care.
• to maintain ship’s stability.

Ship Operations
Tasks of an officer and a master (operational and management level)

• regarding leadership and management of the crew.
• concerning environmental protection.
• regarding German legal affairs.

STCW Competencies (only for alternative assessment)

• discussing specific questions of the above listed syllabus in the fields of STCW applications.

Bridge Resource Management

• Bridge team organisation, manning levels, risk assessment
• Procedures and checklists
• Communication (internal and external)
• Teamwork and leadership, briefings
• Situational awareness and decision making
• Workload management
• Exercises: BRM case studies

Watchkeeping and Ship Handling

• Bridge preparation
• Navigation by using all means of navigation
• Manoeuvring in different conditions (area, wind, current)
• Exercises: case studies concerning COLREG and position fixing
• Exercises: case studies concerning manoeuvres

Emergency Response

• Emergency preparedness and response
• Emergency procedures
• Emergency communication (GMDSS)
• Exercises: case studies concerning emergency situations

The focus of Elective 2 are specific aspects of shipping markets and managerial challenges. The objectives of the offered modules are contemporary issues of maritime markets and management related challenges and requirements. The content of the modules is documented in the specific module descriptions.

The specific electives are offered in the study year on student’s demand. General topics are:

Port Management

• Port Design and Equipment
• Port Operations

Shipping Management & Organization

• Management Systems in Shipping (Quality and Safety Management)
• Management Systems in Shipping (Environmental and Energy Management Systems)

Specific Topics in Shipping

• Actual topics in shipping
• Actual topics in shipping

Digitalization

• Actual topics concerning digitalization, IT and internet use
• Actual topics concerning digitalization, IT and internet use
   

• Determine the research task or question
• Identify and analyze literature
• Plan and determine the frame of content and time (exposé and draft of Table of Content)
• Determine methods of research
• Work on scientific development of answers
• Analyze and discuss data
• Structure, develop and write the thesis
• Defense of the thesis