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  6. AI in Learning and Teaching
  7. Lecturers - AI labeling

For lecturers

AI in academic writing processes

On this page, you will find information and guidelines on how to disclose and document the use of AI technologies in academic writing and research.

 

Preliminary Notes

  • The information on this page serves as a suggestion and orientation. We would like to support you in deciding how AI use can be indicated and documented in your modules, especially in text production processes.
  • We recommend that you engage in dialogue with your students and, if possible, proactively indicate how students can or cannot use AI in your courses.
  • You can also use these text modules, e.g. for AULIS or your syllabus.

- As of March 17, 2025 -

General information

Since generative AI technologies have automated text production and are changing common writing and reading practices in the academic sphere, the question of how to disclose and document AI usage in scientific writing and research processes has become a topic of discussion.

While certain trends are emerging in terms of how to disclose and document AI usage in academic writing, there is still no universal agreement across disciplines on the best approach. Instead, there are currently only guidelines specific to individual fields.

The following information is not intended to be a definitive or binding set of rules. Instead, it aims to provide a starting point for discussion between teachers and students, help reduce uncertainty, and offer a framework for implementing AI disclosure and documentation in academic writing.

AI labeling and documentation

Here you will find a compilation of materials relating to the labeling and documentation of AI use academic writing.

  • Recommendations for the HSB: Three selected variants with templates
  • Summary documents on the advantages and disadvantages of various labeling approaches
  • Selected materials from scientific practice of professional associations, publishers, and scientific institutions

AI labeling: Recommendations for the HSB

  • We have selected three of the most common examples from the various options for AI labeling and documentation and created corresponding templates. They can be used under the CC BY license and adapted to your own requirements or combined.
  • If you have any suggestions or important subject-specific additions to the examples and templates, please write to the writing lab.

 

    • Disclosure: Naming GenAI (tool name, version, provider/manufacturer, URL) and providing a transparent description of its use in a part of the work, e.g.: 
      • Introduction 
      • Methodology section 
      • Appendix 
      • or a separate section for AI usage 
    • Documentation: optional 
      • In most cases, a clear and detailed description is sufficient, see examples in scientific practice 
      • Documentation of the prompt and output can be done additionally, see Example 2 
    • see the Templates for Example 1

AI disclosure and labeling: Further information

The debate about disclosure, documentation and labeling options for AI use in academic writing is in full swing. We have selected interesting resources, which can help you and your students in dealing with the topic.

 

  • The University of Graz website presents various disclosure options (documentation tables, AI-Usage Cards, disclosure, citation, etc.) and provides a detailed overview of their advantages and disadvantages.

     

  • The universities in Lower Saxony have agreed on the following compilation:

    • Baresel, Kira; Eube, Cornelia; Knorr, Dagmar; Lutter, Ly; Nys, Jasmin de; Röben, Marieke (2024): KI-Gebrauch im Studienkontext dokumentieren (Version 1.0). Available online at https://doi.org/10.48548/pubdata-1476, last accessed on 18.03.2025.
    • Of particular interest are the various documentation tables:
      • holistic documentation
      • tool-oriented documentation
      • phase-oriented documentation
      • reflection-oriented documentation

     

    The Writing Center of Goethe University Frankfurt/Main has created an overview based on a framework by  Rowland (2023) that differentiates GenAI usage on a scale from 1 (Inspiration) to 4 (Content shaping).

    • Writing Center of Goethe University Frankfurt/Main: Framework for developing rules for AI-supported writing processes. Available online at https://www.starkerstart.uni-frankfurt.de/149427334.pdf, last accessed on 26.03.2025.
  • A consideration of AI guidelines and typical problems that arise for students:

    • Radau, Jakob; Maibaum, Miriam; Weßels, Doris (2025): Multiperspektivische Betrachtung problematischer KI-Handreichungen an deutschen Hochschulen – die Sichtweise der Studierenden. In: Hochschulforum Digitalisierung, 27.02.2025. Online verfügbar unter https://hochschulforumdigitalisierung.de/multiperspektivische-betrachtung-problematischer-ki-handreichungen/, last accessed on March 10, 2025.
    • Buck, Isabella (2025): Wissenschaftliches Schreiben mit KI. 1. Auflage. Stuttgart: UTB; UVK.
    • The first German-language book on the topic. 
    • A central premise: Thought processes, which form the foundation of writing, are not and cannot be replaced by AI tools.

Academic pactice - options for disclosure, labeling and documentation

Here you will find various examples of how major professional associations, publishers, and research funding institutions formulate their guidelines for disclosure and documentation of AI use, and thereby define what is considered scientific integrity within their framework and what is not accepted.

 

  • IEEE Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Generated Text

AI Guidelines from IEEE

IEEE is a worldwide professional association for professions and scientists in the field of electrical engineering and information technology.

  • APA policy on the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in scholarly materials

AI Guidelines from APA

APA is the American Psychological Association. The APA reference style is widely used across many disciplines. Current information and changes can be found in the APA Style Blog.

 

  • Springer Editorial Policy for Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI Guidelines Editorial Policy - Springer

Springer - a large publishing house with 2,900 magazines and 300,000 books.

 

  • Statement of the German Research Foundation

DFG – German Research Foundation

Statement by the Presidency of the German Research Foundation (DFG) on the impact of generative models for text and image generation on the sciences and the DFG's funding activities, as of September 2023.

 

  • The DFG generally permits the use of large language models:

    • Transparent handling of generated text and image content is essential for ensuring scientific quality (p. 1)
    • Content and formal responsibility for texts remains with the researchers (p. 1)
    • It must be ensured that the use of generative models does not infringe on third-party intellectual property and does not lead to scientific misconduct, such as plagiarism (p. 2)

    The use of generative AI is excluded in peer review processes. In this case, the principle of confidentiality applies.

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